The Lake District is known the world over for its beautiful landscapes and enviable hikes. It’s so beautiful that it was rewarded UNESCO World Heritage status. But there is a lot more to the Lake District than meets the eye. The region’s rich and varied cultural history began 5,000 years ago with its first human settlement. Since then a vast array of important historical landmarks have emerged in the Lake District, which today provide visitors with incredible glimpses into the past. Here are the top five best historical sites to explore.
The Lake District.
1. Ambleside Roman Fort
The remains of Ambleside Roman Fort stand on the shores of Lake Windermere. Dating from 2nd century, historians believe that the fort was built under Hadrian's rule (AD117-138) as a supply base, and a defensive compound to guard the Roman road from Brougham to Ravenglass. Archaeological excavations between 1913 and 1920 uncovered the fort’s defences. And today the former garrison has a surprisingly quiet and peaceful atmosphere. Entry is free and the location is managed by English Heritage.
2. Shap Abbey
Shap Abbey is another incredible Lake District historical site. Founded during the 12th century by a group of Premonstratensian Canons, who settled in the area in 1190, the Abbey is found in a secluded setting by the River Lowther. Interestingly, Shap was the very last abbey to be dissolved by Henry VIII, and it saw its last service in 1540. The Abbey is open year round throughout daylight hours, and entry is free.
3. Ravenglass Roman Bath House
Ravenglass Roman Bath House is an incredibly impressive ruined ancient monument. The House is one of the largest surviving Roman buildings in England, and served as an important naval base for the Romans in the 2nd century. The site is around 40 feet by 90 feet in size, with its remaining walls being over 12 feet high. It’s believed that Ravenglass was an important regional supply point for much of the north west, and today the property is in the care of English Heritage.
4. Brougham Castle
Just two miles outside of Penrith stands Brougham Castle. Founded in the 13th century, the castle was built by Robert de Vieuxpont, who served as an agent of King John I. Its strategic Cumbrian location provided England with protection from marauding Scottish invaders, and ensured King John could gain control of major supply routes running throughout Britain. The Castle, though just a ruin today, still retains much of its incredibly original stonework, and such is its beauty that it inspired writings by William Wordsworth.
Brougham Castle.
5. Castlerigg Stone Circle, Keswick
Castlerigg Stone Circle in Keswick is one of England’s most impressive ancient monuments. Found on a natural plateau, the site is one of the earliest stone circles to be found in England, and is protected under the Ancient Monuments Protection Act of 1888. In 1913 the National Trust acquired the site. It’s located 1.5 miles south east of Keswick.
Castlerigg Stone Circle, Keswick.